Instead of theory, they had something physical. Early forms that actually resembled the beginning of a tooth. It was not complete, but it was enough to prove the direction made sense.
In some studies, scientists even combined human cells with animal cells to understand the process better. It might sound strange, but it helped them figure out what triggers growth. What they saw was promising. Small structures forming. Roots beginning to develop. Even early enamel in some cases.
Still far from a finished tooth, but definitely not nothing.
The next step is where things get more complicated.